Private: Chapter Four
Chapter 4 – Introduction
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
Chapter Outline
- Ionic Bonding
- Covalent Bonding
- Chemical Nomenclature
- Lewis Symbols and Structures
- Formal Charges and Resonance
- Molecular Structure and Polarity
Introduction
It has long been known that pure carbon occurs in different forms (allotropes) including graphite and diamonds. But it was not until 1985 that a new form of carbon was recognized: buckminsterfullerene. This molecule was named after the architect and inventor R. Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983), whose signature architectural design was the geodesic dome, characterized by a lattice shell structure supporting a spherical surface. Experimental evidence revealed the formula, C60, and then scientists determined how 60 carbon atoms could form one symmetric, stable molecule. They were guided by bonding theory—the topic of this chapter—which explains how individual atoms connect to form more complex structures.