3.1 Neurodevelopment Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- These disorders first appear in the early developmental period, generally before a child fist starts school
- The resulting deficits cause difficulties in personal, social, and academic functioning
- Some disorders are discrete (e.g., specific learning disorders), while others disorders involve global deficits or delays (e.g., autism spectrum disorder)
- Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)—formerly known as Mental Retardation
- Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD) Rosa’s Law—U.S. Federal Law Public Law 11-156 which replaces the term mental retardation with intellectual disability
- Deficits in cognitive abilities and adaptive functioning
- Diagnostic criteria emphases the IMPORTANCE of assessing both cognitive abilities and adaptive functioning
- IDD severity levels (mild, moderate, severe or profound) across three domains—conceptual, social and practical Pages 34-36 of DSM 5
- Autism spectrum disorder describes patients previously divided among autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, Childhood disintegrative disorder, Retts Disorder and Pervasive Developmental disorders—NO LONGER CONSIDERED SEPARATE CLINICAL ENTITIES
- The new criteria includes:
- Persistent and pervasive deficits in social communication and social interaction
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is now subcategorized by the presence or absence of intellectual impairment and or associated medical condition
- There are now Three Severity Levels which helps clarify the need for additional social/occupational
- Restricted repetitive behaviors, interests and activities (RBSs)
- Severity level for autism spectrum disorder is determined along a continuum on the basis of degree of impairment for social communication impairments and RBSs
- Level 1—Requiring support
- Level 2—Requiring substantial support
- Level 3—Requiring very substantial support
- Communication Disorders –follows a steady course and could be a lifelong functional impairment
- Language
- Speech sound disorder
- Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
- Social (pragmatic) communication disorder—new disorder
- Unspecified Communication disorder
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- ADHD subtypes are now referred to as specifiers
- A co-occurring diagnosis with autism spectrum disorder is now allowed
- The cutoff symptoms for adults diagnosis of ADHD is set at five symptoms rather than six symptoms required for a younger person
- The new criteria includes:
Please go to your Canvas Course page and read the Case of Ashley #1