Appendix B-22: BIM Use: Phase Planning (4D Modeling)
Phase Planning (4D Modeling)
Description:
A process in which a 4D model (3D models with the added dimension of time) is utilized to effectively plan the phased occupancy in a renovation, retrofit, addition, or to show the construction sequence and space requirements on a building site. 4D modeling is a powerful visualization and communication tool that can give a project team, including the owner, a better understanding of project milestones and construction plans.
Potential Value:
- Better understanding of the phasing schedule by the owner and project participants and showing the critical path of the project
- Dynamic phasing plans of occupancy offering multiple options and solutions to space conflicts
- Integrate planning of human, equipment and material resources with the BIM model to better schedule and cost estimate the project
- Space and workspace conflicts identified and resolved ahead of the construction process
- Marketing purposes and publicity
- Identification of schedule, sequencing or phasing issues
- More readily constructible, operable and maintainable project
- Monitor procurement status of project materials
- Increased productivity and decreased waste on job sites
- Conveying the spatial complexities of the project, planning information, and support conducting additional analyses
Resources Required:
- Design Authoring Software
- Scheduling Software
- 4D Modeling Software
Team Competencies Required:
- Knowledge of construction scheduling and general construction process. A 4D model is connected to a schedule, and is therefore only as good as the schedule to which it is linked.
- Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review a 3D model.
- Knowledge of 4D software: import geometry, manage links to schedules, produce and control animations, etc.
Selected Resources:
- Dawood, N., and Mallasi, Z. (2006). Construction Workplace Planning: Assignment and Analysis Utilizing 4D Visualization Technologies. Computer-aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Pgs. 498-513.
- Jongeling, R., Kim, J., Fischer, M., Morgeous, C., and Olofsson, T. (2008). Quantitative analysis of workflow, temporary structure usage, and productivity using 4D models. Automation in Construction, Pgs. 780-791.
- Kang, J., Anderson, S., and Clayton, M. (2007). “Empirical Study on the Merit of Web-based 4D Visualization in Collaborative Construction Planning and Scheduling”. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 447-461.
