Appendix K: Formation Constants for Complex Ions

Formation Constants for Complex Ions
Equilibrium	K_f
${Al}^{3 +} + 6 F^{-} ⇌ [{AlF}_{6}]^{3 -}$	7 × 10¹⁹
${Cd}^{2 +} + 4 {NH}_{3} ⇌ [{Cd(NH}_{3})_{4}]^{2 +}$	1.3 × 10⁷
${Cd}^{2 +} + 4 {CN}^{-} ⇌ [{Cd(CN)}_{4}]^{2 -}$	3 × 10¹⁸
${Co}^{2 +} + 6 {NH}_{3} ⇌ [{Co(NH}_{3})_{6}]^{2 +}$	1.3 × 10⁵
${Co}^{3 +} + 6 {NH}_{3} ⇌ [{Co(NH}_{3})_{6}]^{3 +}$	2.3 × 10³³
${Cu}^{+} + 2 CN ⇌ [{Cu(CN)}_{2}]^{-}$	1.0 × 10¹⁶
${Cu}^{2 +} + 4 {NH}_{3} ⇌ [{Cu(NH}_{3})_{4}]^{2 +}$	1.7 × 10¹³
${Fe}^{2 +} + 6 {CN}^{-} ⇌ [{Fe(CN)}_{6}]^{4 -}$	1.5 × 10³⁵
${Fe}^{3 +} + 6 {CN}^{-} ⇌ [{Fe(CN)}_{6}]^{3 -}$	2 × 10⁴³
${Fe}^{3 +} + 6 {SCN}^{-} ⇌ [{Fe(SCN)}_{6}]^{3 -}$	3.2 × 10³
${Hg}^{2 +} + 4 {Cl}^{-} ⇌ [{HgCl}_{4}]^{2 -}$	1.1 × 10¹⁶
${Ni}^{2 +} + 6 {NH}_{3} ⇌ [{Ni(NH}_{3})_{6}]^{2 +}$	2.0 × 10⁸
${Ag}^{+} + 2 {Cl}^{-} ⇌ [{AgCl}_{2}]^{-}$	1.8 × 10⁵
${Ag}^{+} + 2 {CN}^{-} ⇌ [{Ag(CN)}_{2}]^{-}$	1 × 10²¹
${Ag}^{+} + 2 {NH}_{3} ⇌ [{Ag(NH}_{3})_{2}]^{+}$	1.7 × 10⁷
${Zn}^{2 +} + 4 {CN}^{-} ⇌ [{Zn(CN)}_{4}]^{2 -}$	2.1 × 10¹⁹
${Zn}^{2 +} + 4 {OH}^{-} ⇌ [{Zn(OH)}_{4}]^{2 -}$	2 × 10¹⁵
${Fe}^{3 +} + {SCN}^{-} ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]^{2 +}$	8.9 × 10²
${Ag}^{+} + 4 {SCN}^{-} ⇌ [{Ag(SCN)}_{4}]^{3 -}$	1.2 × 10¹⁰
${Pb}^{2 +} + 4 I^{-} ⇌ [{PbI}_{4}]^{2 -}$	3.0 × 10⁴
${Pt}^{2 +} + 4 {Cl}^{-} ⇌ [{PtCl}_{4}]^{2 -}$	1 × 10¹⁶
${Cu}^{2 +} + 4 CN ⇌ [{Cu(CN)}_{4}]^{2 -}$	1.0 × 10²⁵
${Co}^{2 +} + 4 {SCN}^{-} ⇌ [{Co(SCN)}_{4}]^{2 -}$	1 × 10³

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