Appendix D – Fundamental Physical Constants

Name and Symbol

Value

atomic mass unit (amu)

1.6605402 × 10⁻²⁷ kg

Avogadro’s number

6.0221367 × 10²³ mol⁻¹

Boltzmann’s constant (k)

1.380658 × 10⁻²³ J K⁻¹

charge-to-mass ratio for electron (e/m_e)

1.75881962 × 10¹¹ C kg⁻¹

electron charge (e)

1.60217733 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

electron rest mass (m_e)

9.1093897 × 10⁻³¹ kg

Faraday’s constant (F)

9.6485309 × 10⁴ C mol⁻¹

gas constant (R)

8.205784 × 10⁻² L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ = 8.314510 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹

molar volume of an ideal gas, 1 atm, 0 °C

22.41409 L mol–1

molar volume of an ideal gas, 1 bar, 0 °C

22.71108 L mol–1

neutron rest mass (m_n)

1.6749274 × 10⁻²⁷ kg

Planck’s constant (h)

6.6260755 × 10⁻³⁴ J s

proton rest mass (m_p)

1.6726231 × 10⁻²⁷ kg

Rydberg constant (R)

1.0973731534 × 10⁷ m⁻¹ = 2.1798736 × 10⁻¹⁸ J

speed of light (in vacuum) (c)

2.99792458 × 10⁸ m s⁻¹