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Foreword
Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
Defining an Emotion
Differentiating Emotions from Other Constructs
The Duration of an Emotion
Summary of an Emotion
Chapter 1 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 1)
Chapter 2 Learning Objectives
Chapter 2 Introduction
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Schachter-Singer; Unexplained Arousal
Real-Life Extension of Schachter and Singer (1962)
Summary of Classical Theories of Emotion
Chapter 2 References
Chapter 3 Learning Objectives
Chapter 3 Introduction
Basic Emotion Perspective
Social Constructivist Perspective
Comparing Eastern and Western Cultures
Facial Expressions: Basic Emotions Theory
Facial Expressions: Social Constructivist Perspective
Vocal Affect
Vocal Affect: Basic Emotions Theory
Vocal Affect: Social Constructivist Perspective
Bodily Movement
Physiological Patterns
Cognitive Appraisals
Subjective Feelings
Summary of Basic Emotion and Social Constructivist Theories
Chapter 3 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 3)
Chapter 4 Learning Objectives
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Component Process Model (CPM; Scherer, 2001)
Relevance Check
Implications Check
Coping Potential Check
Normative Significance Evaluation
Test Your Knowledge!
Strengths and Weaknesses of Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Summary of Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Chapter 4 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 4)
Chapter 5 Learning Objectives
Chapter 5 Introduction
Early Dimensional Models
Schlosberg's (1941) Revised Woodworth Emotion Scale
Summary of Early Dimensional Theories
Modern Dimensional Models
Russell's (1980) Circumplex Models
Watson and Tellegen's (1985) Circumplex Model
Cacioppo and Berntson’s (1994) Evaluative Space Model (ESM)
Summary of Dimensional Models
Chapter 5 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 5)
Chapter 6 Learning Objectives
Chapter 6 Introduction
Judgement Method
Component Method
Facial Expressions
Measuring Emotions
Manipulating Emotions
International Affective Picture Systems (IAPS)
Emotion Coherence
Summary of Measuring and Manipulating Emotions
Chapter 6 References
Chapter 7 Learning Objectives
Autonomic Nervous System: Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) and Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Physiological Measures of ANS Activity
Startle Reflex - A Pure Measure of Valence
Other Central Nervous System Measures
Problems with Measures of ANS Activity
Locationist and One-Network Views of Emotions in the Brain
The Relationship between Emotions and Common Brain Structures Hippocampus
Prefrontal Cortex
Reward Circuit
3 Theories of Hemispheric Lateralization
One-Network Hypothesis
How many dimensions underlie physiological measures?
Summary of Physiological Measures of Emotion
Chapter 7 References
Chapter 8 Learning Objectives
Chapter 8 Introduction
Definitions of Fear, Anxiety, Stress
Fear: Eliciting Events
Fear: Behavior Changes - Defense Cascade Model of Fear
Fear Facial Expressions: Basic or Social Constructivist?
Fear: Vocal Changes
Fear: Physiological Changes
Fear: Cognitive Appraisals
Fear: Subjective Feelings
Evolutionary/Basic Emotion Evidence for Fear
Evolutionary Evidence - Visual Search Paradigm
Evolutionary Evidence - Backward Masking and Nonconscious Processing of Threatening Stimuli
Evolutionary Evidence - Do Babies Fear Snakes?
Amygdala and Fear: Klüver-Bucy Syndrome and Urbach-Weithe Disease
Amygdala and Fear: S.M. Case Study
S.M. Case Study: Impairment in Recognition
S.M. Case Study: Impairment in Recall
S.M. Case Study: Conceptual Understanding of the Components of Fear
Amygdala Damage and Fear: Summary
Amygdala and Fear: Locationist or Social Constructivism?
Test Your Knowledge! Is this a fear?
Summary of Fear
Defining Anxiety and Comparing Anxiety to Fear
Evolutionary Evidence: Anxiety, Attentional Biases, and the Dot Probe Detection Paradigm
Fear vs. Anxiety: Physiological and Brain Differences
Stress
Seyle’s (1974) General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Lazarus’ View of Stress
Dimensional View of Stress
Summary of Fear, Anxiety, and Stress
Chapter 8 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 8)
Chapter 9 Learning Objectives
Chapter 9 Introduction
Defining Anger
Behavior Changes
Vocal Changes
Physiological Changes
Anger and the Brain
Not Every Frustration Causes Anger
Cognitive-Neoassociationistic (CNA) Model
Anderson and Colleagues' General Aggression Model (GAM)
Summary of Anger
Chapter 9 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 9)
Chapter 10 Learning Objectives
Chapter 10 Introduction
Definition of Disgust
Eliciting Events
Core Disgust
Animal-Nature Disgust
Interpersonal Disgust
Test Your Knowledge! Core? Animal-Nature? Interpersonal?
Moral Disgust
Behavior Changes - Facial Expressions
Other Behavior Changes
Disgust and the Brain
The CAD Triad Hypothesis
Test Your Knowledge! Identify the CAD violation!
Summary of Disgust
Video Resources on Disgust
Chapter 10 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 10)
Chapter 11 Learning Objectives
Defining Self-Conscious Emotions
Distinct Emotion Theory - Eliciting Events
Distinct Emotion Theory - Behavior Changes
Distinct Emotion Theory - Cognitive Appraisals
Distinct Emotion Theory - Subjective Feelings
Distinct Emotion Theory - Physiological Arousal
Distinct Emotion Theory - Brain Activation
Test Your Knowledge! Identify the emotion components of shame, guilt, and embarrassment
Single-Emotion Theory
Summary of Shame, Embarrassment, Guilt
Chapter 11 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 11)
Chapter 12 Learning Objectives
Two Types of Pride
Self-Conscious Emotions: Are They Universal?
Summary of Negative and Positive Self-Conscious Emotions
Additional Video Resources
Chapter 12 References
Chapter 13 Learning Objectives
Chapter 13 Introduction
How Many Positive Emotions Exist?
Sensory Pleasure vs. Positive Emotions
Eliciting Events and Cognitive Appraisals
Facial Expressions - Early Work
Facial Expressions and Bodily Changes
Facial Expressions and Cognitive Appraisals
Facial Expressions - Summary
Vocal Changes - Summary
Brain Activation - Consistency and Discriminable Brain Patterns
Love and Brain Activation
Purpose of Positive Emotions or The Good and Bad of Positive Emotions
Undoing Effect of Positive Emotions
Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions
Positive Emotions and Happiness
Do Positive Emotions Always Broaden Our Attention?
The Dark Side of Positive Emotion
Summary of Positive Emotions
Chapter 13 References
End of Chapter Assignments (Chapter 13)
Chapter 14 Learning Objectives
Defining Emotion Regulation
Why Do People Regulate Their Emotions?
Process Model of Emotion Regulation
Antecedent-Focused Emotion Regulation
Expressive Writing - One Type of Confrontation
Impact of Expressive Writing in a Therapeutic Context
Impact of Expressive Writing in Academic Context
Cognitive Change
Response Modulation
Response Modulation - Expressive Suppression
Suppressing and Reappraising Positive Emotions
Response Modulation - Emotional Thought Suppression
Comparing Suppression and Reappraisal
Cultural Differences in the Consequences of Expressive Suppression
Which Emotion Strategies Work Best?
Emotion Regulation and the Brain
Summary of Emotion Regulation
Chapter 14 References
End of Chapter Activities (Chapter 14)
Chapter 1: What is an Emotion?
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Psychology of Human Emotion: An Open Access Textbook Copyright © by Michelle Yarwood is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.